Methodological development in computer science and ICT. Test on the topic: Coding and processing of graphic information. Test “Information Coding Testing on the topic of coding graphic information
Lesson objectives:
- Educational– repetition of the concepts raster, pixel, color depth, palette; establishing connections between the values of color depth and the number of colors in the palette; application of the obtained connections to calculate the amount of computer memory required to store the raster image;
- Developmental– improvement of mental and cognitive activity of students, development of thinking, attention, memory, imagination of students.
- Educational– developing independent work skills and interest in the subject.
Lesson objectives:
- restore students’ knowledge of what computer graphics is and what types of computer graphics students considered in a basic computer science course;
- remember what a pixel or raster is, what basic colors are used to obtain the color of a point on the monitor screen;
- repeat the rules for presenting data on a computer;
- find out on what parameters the quality of the image on the monitor screen depends (screen resolution, pixel color depth);
- remember and consolidate the formula for finding the amount of video memory per graphic image;
- analyze ways to solve problems from the State Examination and the Unified State Examination on this topic (A15);
- develop the skill of independent work.
Lesson type: lesson of repetition and consolidation of knowledge and skills
Materials and equipment: computer class, projector; presentation for the lesson, test, cards.
Lesson format: conversation, practical work to solve problems, frontal, individual forms of work.
Teaching methods: explanatory and demonstration, practical.
Lesson plan:
- Organizational moment (1 min).
- Setting the lesson goal (2 min).
- Repetition of covered material (10 min)
- Formation of skills and abilities in solving problems. Individual work on cards (18 min)
- Practical work on a PC (7 min.)
- Independent work of students. Test (5 min).
- D/z (1 min).
- Summarizing. Reflection (1 min).
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment. Teacher's opening speech(1 min.)
The field of computer science that studies methods and means of creating and processing images using software and hardware computing systems is called computer graphics.
Data visualization is used in a variety of areas of human activity: computed tomography (medicine), visualization of the structure of matter, vector fields, etc. (scientific research), clothing modeling, development, not to mention the fact that many of you They love to play computer games, where high-quality images are indispensable!
Depending on the method of image formation, computer graphics are usually divided into raster, vector, and fractal.
Today in the lesson we will review the basic concepts on the topic of graphics, we will solve problems on the topic “Coding raster graphic information”, preparing for the State Examination, we will do a little practical work in the Gimp graphics editor and answer theory test questions.
2. Setting the goal of the lesson. Updating knowledge(2 minutes.)
Today in the lesson we will look at tasks on encoding graphic information.
In tasks of this type the following concepts are used:
- video memory volume,
- graphics mode,
- color depth,
- screen resolution,
- palette.
In all such problems, you need to find one or another quantity.
Video memory – This is a special RAM in which a graphic image is formed. In other words, in order to receive a picture on the monitor screen, it must be stored somewhere. That's what video memory is for. Most often, its value is from 512 KB to 4 MB for the best PCs with the implementation of 16.7 million colors.
3. Repetition of the material covered(10 min.) (Annex 1 )
– What determines the quality of the image? (Depending on resolution and point encoding depth)
– What is screen resolution? (Resolution – the number of dots vertically and horizontally of the screen)
– What is the dot color coding depth? (Color depth is the amount of information that is used)
– In what units is information measured?
– How to find the amount of video memory required to store an image:
V= x*y*i, where x *y is the number of pixels, and i (bit) is the color depth of the point
– What formula relates the color depth of a point and the number of colors in the palette? (N=2i)
– A little math: 2 1 =2, 2 2 =4, ..., 2 8 =256 (write on the board)
Orally:
Exercise 1. Determine the number of pixels of an image on a monitor screen with a resolution of 800x600. (Answer: 480000)
Answer: V = 10 * 8 * 1 = 80 bits
– What is the size of this image?
– How much video memory is needed to encode one point?
– And for the whole image?
Task 3.
However, it is generally accepted today to represent a black and white image as a combination of dots with 256 shades of gray - that is, to encode one point of such an image you need 8 (256 = 2 8) bits or 1 byte
Calculate the amount of video memory required to store a black and white image of the form
Answer: V = 10 * 8 *8 = 640 bits
– How is the coding of these two images different? (Dot color depth)
– Let’s compare two graphic images:
– What can you say about the quality of these images? How can you explain the difference?
– It turns out that the size of the first one is 369 * 204, and the second one is 93 * 51 pixels. This means that the quality of a graphic image depends on the number of dots (pixels) of which it consists: the more dots, the higher the quality.
The most common color depths are 4, 8, 16, 24, or 32 bits.
Task 5. Fill in the table with the appropriate values
| Color depth (I) | Number of colors (N) | Possible options |
| 4 | 16777216 | |
| 8 | 65 536 | |
| 16 | 16 | |
| 24 | 256 | |
| 32 | 4294967296 |
4. Formation of skills and abilities in solving problems(18 min.)( Annex 1 )
Individual student work(Appendix 2 )
1. The RGB color model uses 3 bytes to encode one pixel. The photo, measuring 2048x1536 pixels, was saved as an uncompressed file using RGB encoding. Determine the size of the resulting file.
1) 3 kilobytes 2) 3 megabytes 3) 9 kilobytes 4) 9 megabytes
Given: Solution:
x*y=2048*1536 V= x*y*i=2048*1536*3bytes= 9437184 bytes=9216 KB = 9 MB
i=3 bytes
V – ?
2. To store a raster image measuring 128*128 pixels, 4 kilobytes of memory were allocated. What is the maximum possible number of colors in the image palette?
1) 8 2) 2 3) 16 4) 4
Solution: i=V/x*y=4*1024*8/(128*128)=2 N=4
3. Specify the minimum amount of memory (in kilobytes) required to store any 64*64 pixel bitmap image if the image is known to have a palette of 256 colors. There is no need to store the palette itself.
V= 64*64*8=32768 bits = 4096 bytes = 4 KB
Answer: 4 KB
4. To store a raster image of 64*64 pixels, 512 bytes of memory were allocated. What is the maximum possible number of colors in the image palette?
Given: Solution:
x*y= 64*64 V=x*y*i; i=V/(x*y)=512*8 bits/(64*64)= 4096 bits/4096=1bit
V= 512 bytes N=2 i = 2
N – ? Answer: 2 colors
5. The display operates with a 256-color palette in 640*400 pixel mode. Encoding an image requires 1250 KB. How many pages of video memory does it take up?
Given: Solution:
640*400 N=256, i=8 bits, V=1250*1024*8bit=10240000 bits;
V= 1250 KB V/(640*400*8)=10240000 bits/(640*400*8)bits = 5 pages
N=256 Answer: 5 pages.
How many pages?
6. How much video memory is needed to store two image pages, provided that the display resolution is 640 * 350 pixels and the number of colors used is 16?
Solution: N=16, i=4 bits, V= 640*350*4*2 bits= 179200bit=224000bytes= 218.75 KB
Answer: 2) 218.75 KB
7. ( ORALLY ) The palette contains 8 colors. What binary code can the color green be encoded in? Answer: 3) 010
8. The resolution of the graphic display is 800*600. Blue color is encoded with binary code 011. The video memory capacity is 750 KB. How many pages does the computer's video memory contain?
Given: Solution:
800*600 V=750*1024*8bit= 6144000bit;
V= 750 KB V/(800*600*3)= 6144000bit/(800*600*3)bit = 4, 26666pp.
I=3 bits Answer: 5 pages.
How many pages?
9. How many times and how will the amount of memory occupied by the image change if during its conversion the number of colors decreased from 65536 to 16?
V 1 /V 2 = I 1 /I 2 = 16/4 = 4
5. Practical work on a PC(7 min.)( Appendix 3 )
Before you start, remember the Safety Rules when working with a computer!
Practical work 1.2 “Editing images in the raster graphics editor Gimp.” Page 177 in school Ugrinovich “Informatics and ICT 9th grade”
6. Independent work of students(5 minutes.)( Appendix 4 )
7. Homework
1. Transferring a raster graphic image of 600*400 pixels in size using a modem at a speed of 28800 bps took 1 minute 20 seconds. Determine the number of colors in the palette used in this image.
2. The video memory page size is 62.5 KB. The graphic display operates in 640*400 pixel mode. How many colors are in the palette?
3. clause 1.1 – 1.4
8. Summing up the lesson. Reflection
The quality of a raster graphic image depends on the resolution of the monitor screen (the greater the number of raster lines and dots per line, the higher the image quality), as well as on the color depth (i.e., the number of bits used to encode the color of a dot).
Reflection (each student is given a card)
Last name, first name of the student: _________________ class__
- I understood everything, I can explain it, it was interesting
- I understand everything, I can explain
- I understand everything, but I won’t explain it
- I still have questions, but it was interesting
- I didn't understand anything, it wasn't interesting
Option 1
- Analog shape
- Discrete form
2.Graphic images are converted by spatial sampling:
3. What is the minimum object used in a vector graphics editor?
- Screen point (pixel);
- Color palette;
- familiar place (symbol).
4. Image deformation when changing the size of the picture is one of the disadvantages:
- vector graphics;
- raster graphics.
5. In the process of converting a raster graphic image, the number of colors decreased from 4,096 to 16. How many times will its information volume decrease?
- 2 times
- 3 times
- 4 times
- 5 times
6. A color raster image with a palette of 256 colors has a size of 10*10 pixels. What information volume does the image have?
- 100 bits
- 100 bytes
- 256 bit
- 25600 bits
7. Basic colors of the RGB palette:
1) red, blue and green
2) blue, yellow, green
3) red, yellow and green
5) the color palette is formed by setting the values of color hue, saturation and brightness
1) N=2i
2) N=2 ∙ i
3) I=N ∙ 2
4) 2=Ni
5) I=N 2
9.The RGB color model has the following parameters: 0, 0, 255. What color will correspond to these parameters?
- Black
- red
- green
- blue
10. To encode the background color of an Internet page, use the bgcolor=”#XXXXXX” attribute, where hexadecimal values of the intensity of color components in the 24-bit RGB model are specified in quotes. What background color will the page specified by the tag have?
1) white
2) green
3) red
4) blue
Test on the topic “Coding graphic information”
Option 2
1. Graphic information can be presented in the form:
- Analog shape
- Discrete form
- Analog and discrete form
2. Graphic images are converted by spatial sampling:
- from analog to digital
- from digital to analogue
3. What is the minimum object used in a raster graphics editor?
- pixel;
- Color palette;
- object (rectangle, circle, etc.);
- familiar place (symbol).
4. Primitives in a graphic editor are called:
- graphic editor environment;
- simple figures drawn using special tools in a graphics editor;
- operations performed on files containing images created in a graphics editor;
- operating modes of the graphic editor.
5. During the conversion of the graphic file, the number of colors decreased from 65,536 to 256. How many times will the information volume of the file decrease?7
- 2 times;
- 4 times;
- 8 times;
- 16 times.
6. A color raster image with a palette of 256 colors has a size of 20*20 pixels. What information volume does the image have?
- 400 bits
- 400 bytes
- 256 bit
- 102400 bits
7. Basic colors of the RGB palette:
1) blue, yellow, green
2) red, blue and green
3) red, yellow and green
4) cyan, yellow and magenta
8 . The number of colors in the palette (N) and the amount of information required to encode each point (i) are related and can be calculated using the formula:
1) I=N ∙ 2
2) N=2 ∙ i
3) N=2i
4) I=N 2
5) 2=Ni
9.The RGB color model has the following parameters: 255, 255, 255. What color will correspond to these parameters?
- white
- red
- green
- blue
10. To encode the background color of an Internet page, use the bgcolor=”#XXXXXX” attribute, where hexadecimal values of the intensity of color components in the 24-bit RGB model are specified in quotes. What background color will the page specified by the FF 0000”> tag have?
1) white
2) green
3) red
Option 1
1. One of the main functions of the graphic editor is:
a) image scaling;
b) storing the image code;
c) creating images;
d) viewing and displaying the contents of video memory.
2. The elementary object used in the raster graphics editor is:
a) point (pixel);
b) object (rectangle, circle, etc.);
c) color palette;
d) familiar place (symbol)
3. The grid of horizontal and vertical columns that pixels form on the screen is called:
a) video memory;
b) video adapter;
d) display processor;
4. Graphics that present an image as a collection of objects are called:
a) fractal;
b) raster;
c) vector;
d) straight.
5. A pixel on a display screen represents:
a) the minimum area of the image that can be independently assigned a color;
b) binary code of graphic information;
c) electron beam;
d) a set of 16 phosphor grains.
6. Video controller is:
a) display processor;
b) a program that distributes video memory resources;
c) an electronic volatile device for storing information about a graphic image;
d) a device that controls the operation of a graphic display.
7. The color of a dot on a display screen with a 16-color palette is formed from the signals:
a) red, green and blue;
b) red, green, blue and brightness;
c) yellow, green, blue and red;
d) yellow, blue, red and brightness.
8. Which method of presenting graphic information is more economical in terms of memory use:
a) raster;
b) vector.
Test on the topic “Coding and processing of graphic information”
Option 2
1. The toolbar buttons, palette, workspace, menu form:
a) a complete set of graphic primitives of the graphic editor;
b) graphic editor environment;
c) a list of operating modes of the graphic editor;
d) a set of commands that can be used when working with a graphic editor.
2. The smallest element of the screen surface for which address, color and intensity can be set is:
a) symbol;
b) phosphor grain;
c) pixel;
3. Image deformation when changing the size of the picture is one of the disadvantages:
a) vector graphics;
b) raster graphics.
4. Video memory is:
a) an electronic device for storing the binary code of the image displayed on the screen;
b) a program that distributes PC resources during image processing;
c) a device that controls the operation of the graphic display;
d) part of a random access memory device.
5. Graphics representing an image in the form of a collection of points is called:
a) straight;
b) fractal;
c) vector;
d) raster.
6. What devices are included in the graphics adapter?
a) display processor and video memory;
b) display, display processor and video memory;
c) display processor, RAM, backbone;
d) backbone, display processor and video memory.
7. Primitives in a graphic editor are called:
a) graphic editor environment;
b) simple figures drawn using special tools in a graphics editor;
c) operations performed on files containing images created in a graphics editor;
d) operating modes of the graphic editor.
8. What extension do the files of the Paint graphic editor have?
ANSWERS
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| Option 1 | V | A | V | V | A | G | b | b |
| Option 2 | b | V | b | A | G | A | b | V |
Section test"1C: Enterprise"
1. For what purposes is the “1C: Trade and Warehouse” program used?
a) for accounting of goods;
b) for conducting foreign exchange transactions;
c) to record calculations;
d) for complete automation of accounting from entering primary documentation to generating reports.
2. What information does the “Nomenclature” directory contain?
a) list of employees;
b) list of goods;
c) description of trade accounting objects - goods and services;
d) list of companies
3. What information does the “Counterparties” directory contain?
a) information about employees;
b) information about the product;
c) information about organizations and individuals to record mutual settlements with them and to prepare documents;
d) information about organizations.
4. What information does the “Warehouses” directory contain?
a) a list of storage locations for inventory items;
b) availability of goods in warehouse;
c) availability of space in the warehouse;
d) a list of inventory items in the warehouse.
5. What information does the “Cashier” directory contain?
a) availability of funds;
b) availability of cash balance;
c) accounting for financial profit;
d) accounting of cash of various companies in any currency.
6. The main purpose of the “Sales Book” register:
a) accounting of goods sold;
b) accounting for revenue from goods sold;
c) accounting for profit on sales;
d) VAT accounting for each buyer
7. What are documents used for in the 1C: Enterprise program?
a) to register customers and goods;
b) for accounting of funds;
c) to enter information about completed business transactions;
d) to record the movement of goods.
8. Specify warehouse operations:
a) accounting for the availability of inventory items;
b) accounting for the movement of inventory items;
c) inventory, capitalization, write-off of inventory items;
d) inventory of inventory items.
9. What are constants in the 1C: Enterprise program?
c) prices of goods;
d) constant values that store information that does not change or changes very rarely: the name of the organization, its address, etc.
10. What are registers in the 1C: Enterprise program?
a) bookmarks;
b) keys;
c) teams;
d) a means of accumulating operational information about the availability and movement of funds.
Option 1.
The smallest unit of information measurement is...
What is 1 byte equal to?
A raster graphic file contains black and white (without grayscale) with a size of 100x100 pixels. What is the information volume of this file? (in bits)
A raster file containing a black and white (no shades of gray) square image has a capacity of 200 bytes. Calculate the side size of the square (in pixels).
Determine the required amount of video memory if the monitor screen size is 640x480, color depth is 24 bits.
In the process of converting a raster graphic image, the number of colors decreased from 65536 to 16. How many times will the amount of memory it occupies decrease?
It is known that the computer’s video memory has a capacity of 512 KB. Screen resolution is 640 by 200 pixels. How many screen pages will simultaneously fit in video memory with a palette of 8 colors?
Option 2.
The largest unit of information measurement is...
What is 1 Megabyte equal to?
A raster graphic file contains black and white (without grayscale) 10x10 pixels in size. What is the information volume of this file? (in bits)
A raster file containing a black and white (no shades of gray) square image has a capacity of 400 bytes. Calculate the side size of the square (in pixels).
Determine the required amount of video memory if the monitor screen size is 800x600, color depth is 16 bits.
To store a raster image measuring 128x128 pixels, 4 KB of memory were allocated. What is the maximum possible number of colors in the image palette.
How much video memory is needed to store four image pages if the bit depth is 24 and the display resolution is 800x600 pixels. (in MB)
In the process of converting a raster graphic image, the number of colors decreased from 65536 to 256. How many times will the amount of memory it occupies decrease?
It is known that the computer’s video memory has a capacity of 512 KB. Screen resolution is 640 by 200 pixels. How many screen pages will simultaneously fit in video memory with a palette of 16 colors?
Answers.
Option 1.
Bit
8 bit.
10000 bits
40x40
7372800 bits=921600bytes=900Kbytes
N=4
4 times
Solution: 640x200x3=384000bit – 1 page
4194304bit/384000bit=10.9 pages
Option 2.
1 TB
1 MB=1024KB=1048576bytes=8388608bits
100bit
400bytes=400*8=3200bits, 56.6x56.6
800x600x16=480000bit=60000byte=58.6KB
N=4
5.5 MB for storing 4 pages
65536=2 16 ,256=2 8 ; 16/8=2 times
Solution: 640x200x4=512000bit – 1 page
512KB=512x1024x8=4194304bit
4194304bit/512000bit=8.19 pages
There are examples with solutions.
