How to determine the angle of a satellite dish. Setting up a satellite dish. Application of azimuth data in the field of satellite antennas
The article reveals the main methods of determining azimuth using a magnetic compass and the places of its possible use. The use of azimuth is common in satellite television.
In the modern world, saturated with gadgets and technology, only a few can independently find a direction of interest using a compass and map. The ability to find azimuth can be useful and help out in any business.
True (geographic) azimuth is a dihedral angle, measured clockwise (from 0 to 360 degrees) from the northern geographic meridian to the direction line.
Magnetic azimuth is the angle formed by the magnetic meridian and the given direction of the landmark line. The countdown is clockwise (from 0 to 360 degrees). Finding an angle can be done using compasses and compasses. Magnetic azimuth is not accurate, since the compass needle points to the magnetic meridian, which is subject to annual changes.
Magnetic declination is the angle of difference between the true and magnetic meridian, which was mentioned earlier. It can be positive if the compass needle is deviated from the true meridian to the right, or negative if it is deviated to the left. On maps, magnetic declination is indicated relative to the year of printing. Each subsequent year of operation, the provided data can be adjusted.
Naturally, the magnetic declination for each region and location varies.
A topographic map of an area is used for various purposes. It is a universal map, with the maximum amount of information about a particular region. A topographic map is divided by parallels (horizontal lines) and meridians (vertical lines). The map is convenient for orientation using a compass. Geographic data of a place contains information about the terrain, soils, waters, roads and other terrain objects.
Finding values and working with acquired parameters
- Plan for determining true azimuth (using a magnetic compass):
- The compass is aligned horizontally to the ground, allowing the magnetic needle to point north;
- The desired object is determined and a reference point is taken;
- Without changing the position, adjust the compass bulb to the arrow, so that the letter N (C) is clearly opposite the magnetic pointer;
- The degree is counted by compass divisions, from zero to the given direction line of the object (clockwise);
- Result – magnetic azimuth was obtained;
- The magnetic declination of the region is added or subtracted to the found degree;
- And so, the true azimuth has been found.
- Calculation of azimuth on the map:
- The desired landmark is selected and marked on the map with a dot;
- Next, from the intended landmark, a continuous line is drawn from the starting point to the marked area;
- From the starting point, a parallel straight line is projected relative to the geographic meridian;
- Having two drawn lines, the protractor finds the angle that will be equal to the true azimuth.
Calculation by coordinates is similar to the process of finding azimuth on a map. Instead of a marked landmark on the map, the coordinates of the point are taken and the direction is plotted.
- Reverse azimuth.
The desired direction, determined by a compass or map, changes by one hundred and eighty degrees, receiving a reverse calculation.
Benefits of the acquired information:
- One of the ways to receive mirror data from the opposite direction point.
- The ability to make an accurate turn and follow the path back.
Application of azimuth data in the field of satellite antennas
A correctly calculated azimuth, whether using a map or compass, will not only tell you the way back home, but will also help with setting up a satellite dish.
The main guidance parameters will be considered the angular coordinates of the orientation of the antenna beam axis in elevation and, of course, azimuth. Before installing the antenna, you need to decide from which satellite the signal will be received. The coordinates of various satellites can be found on thematic websites or at an antenna purchase store. Knowing the orbital position of the satellite, you can calculate the azimuth and elevation angle.
Elevation angle is a degree value in the vertical plane, characterizing the angle between the horizontal and the direction towards the satellite.
This value is calculated using a special protractor or devices based on the operation of an accelerometer. Also, if you have a modern smartphone, you can download software from the Internet that performs data measurements. This will definitely help the user adjust the antenna to the selected angle.
The direction of the satellite antenna in the vertical plane can be lined up using a compass by performing a calculation with the found angle and obtaining the true azimuth (the process was described earlier). Or a more accurate way - calculation on the card.
The theoretical part of finding azimuth and elevation angle can be expressed in three formulas:
Az – azimuth in degrees;
El – inclination angle in degrees;
Lo ES – geographic longitude of the area (northern hemisphere sign - “+”, southern hemisphere - “-”)
Lo SAT – geographic latitude of the area (eastern hemisphere - “+”, western - “-”)
La ES – longitude of the satellite (eastern hemisphere - “+”, western - “-”)
After determining the correct position of the parabolic dish mirror, at the installation site you need to make sure that there are no direct obstacles that interrupt the reception of information (roofs, houses, trees). For example, the elevation angle of a satellite dish is twenty degrees, the obstacles are fifty degrees, we can conclude that such a placement is unsuitable, since the reception lines are blocked and the signal from the satellite will not pass through. It is logical that during installation you need to choose the right side of the house where the dish will be placed, because the “view” sector of a parabolic mirror mounted on the wall does not exceed one hundred and eighty degrees. And it is important that the azimuth and elevation angle of the satellite are included in this zone.
A common option is to place a satellite dish on the roof of a building. This is a good choice of terrain as there is a good view of the plate. The disadvantages include greater windiness and the impossibility of quickly adjusting the antenna, unlike wall dishes located near the balconies.
By correctly installing the antenna and ensuring good pointing to the satellite, you can achieve high definition broadcasting of your favorite TV channels.
When determining azimuth, it is worth:
- You can only rely on high-quality and serviceable compasses; cheap Chinese analogues can produce an error of up to twenty degrees.
- Have two types of compass:
- "Finger" magnetic compass.
Pros: ease of orientation, resistance to shaking. Cons: not convenient when working on a map.
- Tablet magnetic compass.
Pros: accurate calculation of the direction on the map (due to the built-in ruler), the presence of a magnifying glass.
Cons: inconvenient to use on the ground.
- The article discusses antennas with an azimuth-elevation suspension (receiving reception from one satellite) and their possible adjustment to the terrain with your own hands. To adjust the polar suspension, it is necessary to invite classified specialists. You should not undertake installation without prior experience.
- Do not overtighten the bolts when installing the antenna mirror to the suspension system. Distorting the shape of the parabolic mirror will disrupt the transmission signal, and calculation using a map with a compass will not be as effective.
- Satellites located on the same line not far from the installed dish have a ready-made mood. Having a compass, calculating programs on your smartphone and special tools, you can measure the inclination angle and azimuth of the dish (along the converter holder bar) by copying it to your sample.
- The SAT Finder signal measuring device can achieve the maximum effect of the location of the satellite dish. It determines the most advantageous rotation of the antenna to millimeter precision.
If you think that the antenna can be hung anywhere or on any side of the house, and in each case it will be able to receive a signal from the satellite, then you are very mistaken.
Which side are the satellites on...
All satellites fly over the equator, that is, from the South, South-East or South-West. Therefore, the antennas need to be directed to the South.
There is not a single television satellite in the direction of the north, and people hang antennas on the north side for fun.
Attention, this news will shock many, but television satellites always “hang” in one place. Yes, yes, always: today, and tomorrow, and yesterday. Satellites do not fly anywhere and do not move anywhere. This is the technology for transmitting a signal from space to satellite dishes.
You have a goal...
Now that you know that the satellite is in the same place from year to year in the same place, and even on the southern side, it’s time to find out exactly where and where the antenna should be pointed.
01 | HOW TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION TO A SATELLITE METHOD #1
A quick and easy way...
What does this data mean...
Azimuth is the angle between north and the desired direction. Azimuth is measured in a clockwise direction. The figure shows the direction to the satellite with an azimuth of 190°. That is, from north we count 190° clockwise. The blue line is the direction of the satellite dish.
Rotating the converter. If you look at the converter the way a plate looks at it, then you need to turn it clockwise for a positive value, and counterclockwise for a negative value. For Tricolor and NTV+, the converter does not need to be turned.
Tilt angle- the angle by which you need to raise or lower the antenna vertically. At negative angles, the antenna points toward the ground, which is quite normal. inferior in accuracy of calculating the angle of inclination.
Elevation angle- the angle between the horizon and the direction to the satellite. With negative and close to zero values, signal reception from the satellite is impossible.
02 | HOW DETERMINE DIRECTION TO SATELLITE METHOD #2
- The program will indicate whether a tree or house will interfere with reliable signal reception;
- Calculate the time at which the satellite and the sun are in the same direction;
- It will calculate the antenna tilt angle as accurately as possible.
In the first tab program, you must enter: 1) the name of the satellite to which you want to tune the antenna 2) the latitude of the location 3) the longitude of the location. It’s easy to find out the latitude and longitude for your city: for example, I enter the query “latitude and longitude of Mogilev” into a search engine, and already in the first link I find the result.
Equipment for digital television is what you can buy in our store. Our company has been operating in the market of broadcast and satellite equipment since 2003 and we already know most of our clients by sight.
For regular customers of our online store there is a system of discounts, which are calculated automatically according to the coupon number assigned to you personally.
All equipment undergoes pre-sale preparation, namely, the latest version of software is installed on satellite and terrestrial set-top boxes. All receivers are tested for functionality.
Our company delivers equipment both in Moscow and throughout Russia. Most courier delivery companies have agreements on preferential delivery prices.
In our online store you can find almost any equipment that you may need to receive satellite and terrestrial television. We have tried to make the ordering process convenient for anyone. If you plan to order not one item, but several, then you can use the store search and pay attention to the accompanying equipment. If you want to pick up equipment for receiving satellite TV, then you should go to the tab menu “Satellite TV”, if to receive terrestrial or cable TV, then “Terrestrial TV”, etc. If you have questions during the ordering process, you can use the online chat, which is located on each page of the online store, or request a call back.
We hope that in the online digital TV store you can spend a minimum amount of time ordering the required equipment.
Independent calculation of satellite dish installation Satellite Antenna Alignment.
Satellite antenna, installation and calculation of direction angles to the satellite.
To make everything easier, we suggest you consider and use the good free Satellite Antenna Alignment program.
The rotation angle of a satellite dish is, simply put, two angles. The horizontal angle (azimuth (bearing)), and the vertical angle (elevation angle). Azimuth is the angle subtracted from the north direction clockwise. Due to the peculiarities of mounting the satellite antenna and the accuracy of calculations, preliminary targeting must be carried out first. We will talk about him first.
The easiest way to determine antenna rotation angles is to go outside and see where the antennas of other satellite TV users are pointing. Naturally, taking into account which satellite they are aimed at (based on advertising on dishes, or from a conversation with neighbors). The downside is the accuracy, and such that the first time you can even catch another satellite.
The first thing that will become clear is whether trees and buildings are interfering with reception. If they interfere, then you need to determine another mounting location, but it is highly desirable that the cable be no more than 10, maximum 20 meters long (the signal attenuation (almost 2 times) otherwise will reduce all your success in installing the antenna to a mediocre result).
A completely different question is how to direct the antenna exactly at these angles.
If you have a compass (however, metal on the roof and balcony cannot be avoided, as well as fictitious declination), you will still be able to approximately install the antenna, and then you can adjust it manually. In the Russian Federation, sometimes maps with the location of houses and objects relative to the north pole (N true) and even a view of the church (the cross on a normal church is oriented strictly to the North) help. According to the vertical angle, a little easier - along the plumb line and the protractor.
If there is nothing, then according to the Zenith of the sun (the highest point above the horizon). We did not specifically indicate the time (in our country this is a separate issue). Let's say around 2 pm today. This is the South, and it is from it that we count the direction to the satellite by eye, by sequential division horizontally (90/2 = 45, 45/2 = 22, 5, etc.) It’s simple, but it works.
Similarly, during installation, you can estimate the angle of inclination of the antenna by sequential visual division vertically (90/2 = 45, 45/2 = 22, 5, 22, 5/2 = 11.25, etc.) Simple, but it works.
What accuracy is needed in calculations? Without going into an excursion into the dependence of the satellite's location range and accuracy, we will say that 2 degrees for the Russian Federation (for most satellites) is the maximum for the average value during calculations and installation. We also take into account the accuracy of fasteners, installation deviations and antenna deformation, which should be immediately reduced and taken into account.
Satellite Antenna Alignment is a program for calculating the angles required when installing a satellite antenna. The program is free and works from XP to Windows 7. It is in Russian, which makes the work easier.
The "Satellite Antenna Alignment" program is designed to calculate the angles required when installing a satellite antenna. The azimuth and elevation angle (elevation) for each satellite are calculated. The main difference from similar programs is the ability to perform calculations for all satellites at once. This gives a clear picture of which satellites are physically visible from the antenna location and which are not.
It should be remembered that in this program the calculation is purely theoretical, using formulas, and in real conditions, when installing the antenna, many more factors must be taken into account, such as various obstacles (buildings, trees), terrain, altitude, direction of transponders, polarization and so on.
Additionally, the program implements the calculation of azimuth to the sun, and now you can do without a compass!
This program will allow you to estimate the position quite accurately. The resulting calculation can be saved to a text file, copied to the Windows clipboard, or directly output to a printer. Export to MS Excel, MS Word, HTML and CSV files is available. It is possible to remember the list of places for which the calculation was made. The program has a multi-language interface (English, Russian, Ukrainian, German, Lithuanian, Dutch, Romanian, Polish, French).
The latest versions can be downloaded from the official website - http://www.al-soft.com/saa/satinfo-ru.shtml
Perhaps you will be asked to take a short survey, or the antivirus will reassure you, but usually not everything is so bad, it’s just that the program is free and the company somehow makes money. There are also older versions on the Internet without advertising and surveys (as well as without antivirus warnings).
You need to start working with the program by entering the geographic coordinates of your satellite dish installation point. Enter your coordinates in the "Coordinates of the antenna installation location" section. Northern latitude is "N", southern latitude is "S". Likewise, east longitude is "E", west longitude is "W". After the coordinates are entered, on the left side of the table you will receive a calculation of the angles for all satellites at once.
The azimuth and elevation angle of the antenna (elevation angle) are calculated. The resulting azimuth is the direction to the satellite in degrees from the north direction clockwise. Elevation angle is the angle (in degrees) between the direction of the satellite signal and the tangent plane to the earth's surface at your receiving point. If the elevation angle is negative, then the satellite is hidden behind the horizon and receiving a signal from it is, in principle, impossible. Thus, from your observation point, satellites whose elevation angle is a positive value are theoretically visible. Knowing the azimuth, you can quickly navigate and determine the direction to the satellite, identify obstacles in the direction of the antenna (neighboring houses, trees).
As mentioned above, the program operates with absolute values and calculates everything using formulas. Thus, the resulting azimuth is the angle relative to absolute north, and not from what your compass can show, because A compass is a very unstable thing, especially in urban environments. It's better to navigate by the sun)
Additionally, the program implements the calculation of azimuth to the sun, and now you can do without a compass! The calculation is performed for the point whose geographic coordinates you specified to calculate the azimuth to the satellites. The height above sea level is considered to be 0 meters. You can specify a date (the current date is taken by default) and calculate the movement of the sun in one-minute increments. The calculation results are displayed in the table on the left side. For the sun, both the azimuth and the elevation angle at the current time are calculated. Thus, this gives you the opportunity to do without a compass completely when installing the antenna. First, determine the azimuth to the satellite you need. Then calculate the azimuth to the sun for the day you plan to install the antenna. Find in the table the azimuth of the sun that is most equal to the azimuth to the satellite, and you will get the time (and date) when the sun will be in the same direction as the satellite. At the right moment in time, we turn the antenna directly towards the sun, the azimuth of the sun at this moment coincides with the azimuth of the satellite. Or just mark this position and turn the antenna later. When calculating, do not forget to indicate your time zone (Moscow +3 hours from Greenwich). Additionally, the program calculates the azimuth of sunrise and sunset, as well as the time and elevation when the sun is due south.
The program does not take into account daylight saving time! Therefore, for summer time you need to add +2 hours to the obtained results of calculating the azimuth to the sun.
The program draws a simple diagram showing the sides of the horizon. The yellow sector indicates daylight hours, its eastern part is sunrise, the western part is sunset. On the same diagram you can schematically display the direction to the satellite you need. Select a satellite in the drop-down list; the direction to it (azimuth) is drawn with a red line. If the elevation angle to the satellite is negative, then the red line is not drawn (the satellite is not visible).
Currently, offset satellite dishes are widely used. Such an antenna, standing strictly vertically, already has a certain elevation angle (~20-25 degrees). You can enter the dimensions of your offset antenna (height and width) and the program will calculate the exact elevation angle for this antenna. The calculation is made only for antennas whose height is greater than their width. Enter the antenna dimensions in millimeters. Here you will also see the elevation angle to the satellite you have chosen, and the angle at which you actually need to install the antenna (in degrees from the plane of the earth)
There are ready-made calculations for the main cities of the Russian Federation
http://www.al-soft.com/saa/webreports/
For example, for St. Petersburg, the calculated angles for each satellite will help you when installing a satellite dish for satellite Internet or satellite television NTV-Plus, Tricolor TV, Rainbow TV, HD Platform, Continent TV.
| Azimuth and elevation on satellites for Sankt-Petersburg – [Latitude: 59°55"N, Longitude: 30°15"E] |
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| Satellite | Azimuth | Elevation angle | ||
Which satellite should you tune the Tricolor TV antenna to?
For residents of the European part of Russia and the Urals, the antenna must be tuned to satellites Eutelsat 36B & Express AMU1 36.0°E. For residents of the Siberian District and part of the Far Eastern District, the antenna must be tuned to the satellite Express AT1 56.0°E. In the Ural District, which borders the irradiation zones, the antenna can be tuned to any of these satellites.
What to do when Tricolor TV channels do not work!
On April 2, 2018, all channels in the MPEG-2 standard were disabled. To watch the operator's channels, you must exchange MPEG-2 equipment for MPEG-4 equipment at the operator's dealers. Why do paid channels stop working on older models of MPEG-4 receivers? This is a question for the satellite operator Tricolor TV in St. Petersburg!1. If all your Tricolor TV channels have stopped working, do not rush to set up the dish and re-register the channels, the operator may have channel maintenance!
2. If the operator does not have preventive maintenance and the satellite is in place, and the packages have been paid for, and the receiver displays “No signal,” then you need to check the connection to the antenna, setting the dish to the satellite, the converter, and then the receiver itself.
3. Sometimes it is useful to reset the receiver to factory settings (then turn it off from the network and turn it on again) and re-register the channels.
4. Snow stuck to the converter can completely block the satellite signal!
5. When the receiver displays “Scrambled channels”, “Error...” and something like that, but the info channel is working.
In this case, you need to check the availability of payment through the subscriber’s personal account.
Try resetting the receiver to factory settings (then turn it off from the network and turn it on again) and re-register the channels, then you need to leave the receiver turned on on the encrypted Russian channel and wait for the keys to arrive. If the channels do not open, then you need to contact Tricolor TV managers, and if they do not help, check the receiver for the latest firmware or malfunction.
6. If you did not update the receiver software from the satellite in time when the operator suggested doing this, then all or some television channels may stop working. In this case, the receiver must be updated forcibly via a USB connector using a flash drive. All firmware can be found on the website of the GS receiver manufacturer.
How to set up the Tricolor TV antenna for Eutelsat 36B & Express AMU1 36.0°E satellites yourself
Coordinates to which the satellite dish is adjusted:1. Azimuth.
2. Elevation angle.
What is the difficulty of setting up an antenna?
Very narrow beam of the antenna pattern, only a few degrees. Moreover, the larger the antenna size, the narrower the beam. Setting up an antenna for a satellite Express AT1 56.0°E is performed in the same way as setting up the Eutelsat 36B & Express AMU1 36.0°E satellites, only you need to enter the coordinates of the Express AT1 56.0°E satellite into the program.
Setup process
1. Setting up the Tricolor TV antenna for a satellite is quite simple! At the initial stage, information is needed about telecommunications satellites, the coordinates of their location, the features of satellite television and satellite equipment. You can get information about this and much more on our website, in the article: "Satellite television".
2. Before installing and configuring the antenna, you must determine the direction to the satellite:
A). Using a compass (it must be taken into account that its readings can be affected by nearby metal objects), the sun, a GPS navigator or nearby dishes, approximately 0.6 m in size, determine the azimuth to the Eutelsat 36B & Express AMU1 satellites 36.0°E, ( 36 degrees east longitude). Be sure to check that the direction to the satellite is clear of high-rise buildings, trees, etc.
b). In order to accurately determine the location of the satellite, you can use the “Satellite Antenna Alignment” program, which can be downloaded from the website http://www.al-soft.com/saa/satinfo-ru.shtml
The “Satellite Antenna Alignment” program will help you calculate the azimuth and elevation angle required for installing and configuring a satellite dish to any available satellite at the selected geographic receiving point. Using the program, you can calculate angles for all geostationary telecommunication satellites located on the “arc” at once.
The program remembers the geographic coordinates of the places for which the calculation was made. Subsequently, you can use these coordinates, because they are stored in program memory.
First, when working with the “Satellite Antenna Alignment” program, you must enter the geographic coordinates of the installation location in the “Coordinates of the antenna installation location” section.
Legend: "N - northern latitude", "S - southern latitude", "E - eastern longitude" and "W - western longitude". After entering the coordinates, on the left side of the table you will receive the calculated azimuth and elevation angles (elevation angle) of the antenna for all satellites at once. Azimuth is the direction to the satellite (in degrees), defined as the angle between the north and satellite directions. Elevation angle is a direction defined as the angle (in degrees) between the direction of the satellite and the plane of the earth at the receiving point. A negative elevation angle means that the satellite is below the horizon and is not available for reception. Thus, at the location where the antenna is installed, it is theoretically possible to determine all the satellites from which signals can be received. Based on azimuth and elevation, you can quickly determine on the ground the direction to the satellite and the possibility of receiving a signal at the selected point.
If you do not have a tool for determining the geographic direction, you can use the determination of satellite coordinates by the sun.
The program allows you to calculate the azimuth to the sun. To do this, you need to specify the geographic coordinates of the area in the program. Estimated height above sea level - 0 meters.
The calculation is made for a specific date. The calculation results are presented on the left side of the table. Using the table, we determine the azimuth and elevation angle for the sun at a given point in time.
Procedure: first we determine the azimuth to the selected satellite, and then we calculate the azimuth of the sun on the day the antenna is installed. Next, in the table, we find the azimuth of the sun that is close in value to the azimuth to the satellite and determine the time (and date) when the sun will be in this direction. At the calculated moment in time, we turn the antenna directly towards the sun, because At this time, the azimuths of the sun and the satellite coincide. The elevation (elevation) angles of the satellite and the sun may not coincide. If they coincide, then reception from the satellite at a given time will be unstable, or not possible at all, because powerful electromagnetic radiation from the sun will “clog” the signal from the satellite. This phenomenon is called solar interference, it occurs in spring and autumn for several days.
When calculating, the time zone must be taken into account (for Moscow +3 hours to Greenwich).
If the country switches to summer time, then 1 hour must be added to the resulting azimuth calculations!
The program displays the direction to the satellite with a red line; the red line is not drawn if the satellite is located beyond the horizon and is not available for reception in a given location. The yellow sector indicates daylight hours; the diagram also shows the sides of the horizon.
Also, using this program, you can calculate the angle between an obstacle in the path of a satellite antenna and the plane of the conventional horizon where the antenna is located. By indicating the height of the obstacle and the distance to it, you can determine this angle. If it is greater than the elevation angle of the satellite you have selected, then reception from the satellite at this installation location is impossible.
Another useful function of the program: when you activate the “Transponders” tab, the program downloads from the Internet all active transponders of the selected satellite.
The program saves all data in the file format of your choice.
To determine the location of the Eutelsat 36B & Express AMU1 36.0°E satellites, enter the coordinates of your locality into the program (data can be obtained from Yandex) and you will determine their azimuth and elevation angle. According to calculations of the Satellite Antenna Alignment program, the exact parameters of the satellites in Nizhny Novgorod are: azimuth - 189.592 degrees east longitude, elevation angle - 25.516 degrees.
3. Next, assemble the antenna according to the instructions, attach the converter to it and install the antenna on the bracket, which should be fixed vertically to the Earth on a flat surface. Connect the antenna to the receiver using a TV cable with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohms, with the receiver unplugged from the network.
4. Turn on the receiver, you will see the message “no signal” on the TV screen. In order for the setup indicator to appear on the TV screen, press the buttons on the remote control: menu, setup, manual search. The setting indicator has two scales: “signal quality” and “signal level”. The setting must be carried out on the “signal quality” scale. It should be taken into account that the signal level is affected by the length of the cable from the receiver to the converter. For long cable lengths, it is necessary to use special satellite amplifiers (the signal level differs for different receiver models).
Next, we configure the antenna itself. Moving the antenna plane along the elevation angle with an interval of 3-4 degrees from the position in which the antenna plane is directed perpendicular to the ground plane to a position of approximately 80 degrees to the ground plane in both directions, rotate the antenna in azimuth on the bracket in a sector of approximately 20 degrees from the specified to the direction satellite (see point 2). The operations must be carried out sequentially: first the elevation angle changes, then the antenna rotates. You need to rotate the antenna slowly so as not to miss the direction to the satellite; the working reception sector (directional pattern) of the dish is only 2-2.5 degrees. When an image appears on the TV screen, you need to set the maximum signal level in the circles of the signal level indicator by moving the antenna in azimuth and elevation, and finally tighten the antenna mounting nuts tightly.
5. Enjoy your viewing!
