Stendhal "Red and Black" literature test (grade 10) on the topic. Testing based on F. Stendhal's novel "Red and Black" literature test (grade 10) on the topic Schulte test red and black tables description
About the table
The Schulte table is a square matrix, in the cells of which numbers or letters are placed in random order. It is used as a test to assess the current rate of perception of text information and study the scope of attention.
Methods of working with Schulte tables
The essence of training with Schulte tables is the development of the skill of quickly searching and “capturing” information by expanding the field of view. Consistently finding numbers for speed must be done in compliance with the following important rules:
- Fix your gaze in the center of the table - try to look only at the “eye”.
- You need to look for numbers silently, that is, without saying them either out loud or to yourself (this is difficult, but possible) - ideally.
- The main thing is not just to find the numbers as quickly as possible. Remember that your goal is to learn to see simultaneously with the number located in the central cell of the table, numbers located in all four corners of the large square. At first it will not be very easy, but over time you will understand that this is how you can develop the ability to find all the numbers 2-3 times faster than with normal eye movements.
Lesson mode
Train with tables regularly - every day or at least every other day for 2-3 weeks. Set aside 20-30 minutes for practice. If you feel that your eyes are starting to get tired while doing exercises, we recommend taking a break for 5-10 minutes or continuing the workout the next day.
at the heart of the game
Schulte tables
The effect of the exercise
Regular training with Schulte tables:
- help in developing the skill of concentration;
- help increase attention span;
- develop short-term visual memory;
- expand peripheral vision, and a wider field of view reduces the time of searching for valuable semantic parts of the text;
- increase the speed of visual perception of information and help increase reading speed.
Advantages of Schulte tables online on the website
Nice design, interactivity, an “eye” is placed in the center for ease of focusing. Possibility of training at various levels of difficulty. Automatic tracking of exercise time, recording the best indicator. Take part in the ranking and strive to become the best. Schulte's timed spreadsheets are a great incentive for setting records and improving your results against the achievements of other people. Paper versions must be constantly updated, as they are involuntarily memorized and the effect of the exercise disappears. Our online generator creates an unlimited number of Schulte tables, which will allow you to save time on preparing for training. The mobile version of the training exercise based on Schulte tables can be downloaded for free on the App Store and Google Play. Thanks to this, speed reading exercises can be performed at home before bed, in the morning on the subway, during a break at work, at any convenient time and anywhere.
Purpose: Switching and distribution research visual attention by using methods “Finding numbers with switching using the Gorbov-Schulte table.”
Equipment: 1) Gorbov-Schulte table measuring 35x35 cm, which is divided into 49 square cells (7x7). The cells contain 25 black and 24 red numbers in random order (Appendix No. 2), 2) a stopwatch and 3) a pointer.
It is necessary to prepare a protocol in advance in order to record in it the time and errors when searching for numbers (Table No. 2).
Operating procedure: The lesson is conducted individually with each subject. A black and red table is placed vertically on the table in front of the subject, a pointer is given and instructions are given. The task is carried out in three series.
Instructions to the subject for series I:“You will now be shown a table with black and red numbers. Our experience consists of three series. In the first episode you need to find in order All numbers are black from 1 to 25. Moreover, you must show each number with a pointer and name it.”
Instructions to the subject for series II:“In the second series you need to find all the red numbers in reverse in order from 24 to 1, show them and name them.”
Instructions to the subject for series III:"In the third episode you will need alternately look for black numbers in direct order - from 1 to 25, and for red numbers in reverse order - from 24 to 1. In this case, you need to name the color of the found number and show it with a pointer. For example: one – black, 24 – red, 2 – black, 23 – red, etc. Try to work as quickly as possible and at the same time not make mistakes.”
During the entire experiment, the experimenter monitors the work of the subject, and if the latter indicates the wrong number, the experimenter names errors and demands to show the correct one, for example: “No! You showed 14 - red, but you need: 12 - red" or "You should now find not 15 - black, but 14 - black."
In the protocol, the experimenter records the time separately for each of the five stages (5 numbers of both colors for each stage). Separately, the following types of errors by the subject are recorded: substitution of order - an error in which the subject begins to name the numbers he named in ascending order in descending order, and vice versa; replacing a digit - changing its serial number (instead of 23 it says 21); color replacement - instead of black, names and shows a red number.
Processing the results:
1. A conversation is held between the experimenter and the subject after the end of the experiment. It is necessary to find out what difficulties the subject encountered when performing the task (at its beginning, middle, end), what methods the subject used to cope with the difficulties caused by the need to switch attention from one series of numbers to another, how he evaluates the quality of the task . The data from the subject's subjective report are compared with the protocol data, and a meaningful description of the level of development of attention switching for each subject is given.
2. The number of correctly found numbers is determined ( m) in series I, II, III of the task (in the third series separately for black and red numbers).
3. Time is determined ( T 1) performing the procedure for finding black numbers in series I, time to search for red numbers in series II ( T 2), the total time for completing the task in Series III ( T 3), as well as the execution time of the procedure for finding black ( T′ 3) and red ( T″ 3) numbers in the III series of the task, for which the total time ( T 3) is divided in half.
4. The time for switching attention is calculated (Tn) according to the following formula:
T n = T 3 – (T 1 + T 2),
Where T1, T2, T3– task completion time in series I, II and III.
The less Tn, the higher the speed of attention switching.
5. The number of errors is counted. The number and nature of errors are important for the correct and meaningful interpretation of the indicator Tn.
6. The conditional indicator of attention switching is calculated ( P), which reflects the ratio of choice speed indicators in conditions of combined action execution ( S owls) and without it ( S bs).
7. The speed of selection in series I is determined ( S′ bs), in episode II ( S″ bs), in the III series separately for blacks ( S′ owls) and red ( S″ owls) numbers using the following formula:
Where m- number of correctly named numbers, T- procedure execution time.
8. The conditional indicator of attention switching is calculated ( P) according to the formula separately for black ( P') and red ( P") numbers:
9. Graphs of the dynamics of attention switching are constructed for each of the three series, for which five equal segments reflecting five stages are plotted on the abscissa axis (5 numbers of both colors for each stage - from 1 to 5, from 6 to 10, etc. ), and time values are plotted on the ordinate axis ( tn), Where n– stage number. Graphs of different series can be plotted on the same coordinate plane for greater clarity.
10. The dynamics of attention switching are assessed based on a comparison of task completion schedules in three series, as well as on the basis of the dynamics of each series. The fundamental stages are identified, the types of fluctuations in attention and the nature of the response to external interference are assessed. The stability of attention is assessed by the nature of graphs and self-reports.
11. Individual data are analyzed, quantitative data obtained from calculating formal indicators are compared with qualitative data obtained from the analysis of graphs characterizing the dynamics of attention during the implementation of modified Gorbov-Schulte tables, as well as the results of self-reports before and after completing the task.
12. Conclusions are drawn about the nature of switching and distribution of attention of a given subject, about the nature of the dynamics, indicating the characteristics of his workability, stability and fatigue.
Table No. 2. Protocol for recording the results of the black-red Gorbov–Schulte table
| Time registration ( tn) by stages, with | Black numbers | Error logging, (+/-) | Red numbers | Error logging, (+/-) |
| t 1 | ||||
| t 2 | ||||
| t 3 | ||||
| t 4 | ||||
| t 5 | - |
Table No. 3. Summary table of results of the Gorbov–Schulte technique
| Experience Series | Stimulus | Number of correct choices | Number selection time ( T), With | Number selection speed ( S) | Conditional switching indicator ( P) | ||||
| general | black | red | black | red | black | red | |||
| I | Black numbers | m 1 | T 1 | T′ 1 | – | S" bs | – | – | – |
| II | Red numbers | m 2 | T 2 | – | T″ 2 | – | S"" bs | – | – |
| III | Black + red numbers | m 3 | T 3 | T′ 3 | T″ 3 | S" owls | S"" owls | P' | P" |
§ 3. Study of concentration and stability of visual attention using the “Tangled Lines” technique
Target: determining the degree of stability of attention when concentrating and the influence of long-term work on concentration.
Equipment: 1) variants of forms with mixed lines according to the Riess method (Appendix No. 3), 2) a stopwatch and 3) a key for checking.
Operating procedure: On the form there are 25 intertwined lines drawn in a rectangle, which begin at its left side and end at the right. The lines are numbered from 1 to 25. The subject’s task is to trace the course of each line and put the same number at its right end as at the left.
Instructions to the subject:“On the form you see a number of lines mixed up with each other. Your task is to trace each line from left to right and put in the protocol the number where this line ends. You need to start with the first line, then move to the second, etc. You need to follow the lines only with your eyes; You can't help with your fingers, you can't use a pencil. Try to work quickly and not make mistakes."
Processing the results:
1. The results of observation of the test subject’s performance of the task are analyzed. When observing, it should be noted what predominates in the subject: an orientation toward speed or accuracy; is he confident in his actions, does he check himself repeatedly; Is it difficult to concentrate on tracing the lines, is there a desire to help oneself in some way (with a finger, a pencil) or does the task complete without difficulty.
2. The results of the subject’s self-report are interpreted. It is necessary to pay attention to what was difficult for the subject in this task; what is the reason for the low speed of completing the task (avoiding mistakes, failures in tracing lines); How does the subject assess the presence of errors, and how does he explain this?
3. When determining quantitative indicators, the time spent by the subject on finding the lines is taken into account (the total time spent by the subject on finding the lines ( T); time spent on finding lines 1 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, 16 to 20, 21 to 25 ( T i)).
4. The number of correctly traced lines is counted, as well as the number of errors and the number of lines remaining untraceable.
5. A graph is constructed of the dynamics of concentration and stability of visual attention. The abscissa axis marks the stages of performing the technique ( i), and on the ordinate - the execution time of each stage ( T i). Based on the data obtained, it is necessary to draw a conclusion about the influence of fatigue and/or exercise on the test subject’s performance of the task.
6. The task success rate is calculated ( Y).
Gorbov-Schulte tables are an original modification of standard speed reading simulators. A special feature of such simulators is the presence of two blocks of numbers, one of which is black, and the second is red. There are 25 black cells in the table, and 24 red cells. Moreover, there are several variations of the simulator: in some the background color changes, in others the numbers themselves are colored. Our resource presents an option with painting the background color.
The BrainApps resource will allow you to take the test with a full interpretation of the results. There are many options for working with such a table, but the main one is to simultaneously find the numbers of one color in ascending order and the numbers of another color in descending order. For example, you are looking for number 1 in red, then 25 in black, then number 2 in red, and so on. When passing the test, not only the speed of completing the task is taken into account, but also the number of errors.
Workout with tables online
It is most convenient to work with red-black tables online, where it is easy to record the time and a large number of random table options are provided. Users can also switch table sizes.
The online simulator is equipped with several functions. A person presses a button to start the test, then complete it. He can also change the style of the table, that is, choose what exactly will be colored: the background or the numbers themselves. The only disadvantage of such a simulator is that it does not show errors. It is best to at least roughly record their number yourself.
Download Gorbov-Schulte tables
For many users, it is convenient to have several printed versions of red and black tables for working with them in the absence of the Internet. In addition, a printout may be needed for collective training or for people whose eyes quickly get tired of the computer. We provide several formats for downloading Gorbov-Schulte tables.
Interpretation of results
When processing the results of working with these tables, the speed of finding numbers, the number and dynamics of errors are taken into account. Using the data obtained, attention switching and other standard indicators of human performance are calculated. More detailed information can be read in the corresponding section of the blog, where there is a detailed article on interpreting the results of exercises with Schulte tables.
Additional information on tables
Red-black tables are just a variation of Schulte tables. The main article will tell you more about the training itself and its significance. The tables also have modifications for children and letter varieties, with the help of which you can even more effectively develop speed reading skills, improve concentration and stress resistance at work.
There are also non-standard versions of tables, designed rather for variety and some complication of the task. Those who like original trainings can use the following unusual version of Schulte tables:
Any version of Schulte tables will quickly and significantly improve your speed reading skills and other indicators useful for brain function.
What it is? The Schulte table is a table in which certain information (most often sequential numbers) is randomly placed in the cells. The most common type of interpretation of the Schulte table (or Shultz tables) is a square table with 5 columns and 5 rows, in which numbers from 1 to 25 are randomly placed. Such a table is shown in the picture below:
The essence of the work with Schulte tables is to quickly sequentially find all the numbers located in the table. Moreover, the emphasis is placed precisely on the speed of finding, which can be increased by special techniques for working with these tables.
The effect of the exercise. Schulte tables are used to develop the pace of information perception, and constant work with Schulte tables helps expand your peripheral vision. A wide field of view reduces the time it takes to search for informational parts of the text. Also, by working with such tables, the speed of visual search movements increases, which is an important component of fast reading skills.
Method of performing the exercise
In order to effectively increase your reading speed, you need to look for numbers silently, that is, silently, in ascending order from 1 to 25. The numbers found are recorded only with your eyes. However, this search has its own peculiarity. In order to perform the exercise correctly, and therefore find all the numbers faster, by training your peripheral vision, you need to focus on the central cell of the table so that you can see the entire table.
The best training of visual skills when working with Schulte tables is achieved with the maximum possible absence of horizontal and vertical eye movements. To do this, it is necessary to maintain the correct distance from the eyes to the table. The further away the table is, the more convenient it is to look at all its cells at once. The optimal distance to the table should correspond to a comfortable distance to the monitor when reading. Usually this is 40-50 centimeters, but you don’t need to move your eyes too far, only if it is difficult for you to see the entire table.
Improper execution of the exercise
with Schulte table
Correct execution of the exercise
with Schulte table
Achieving the desired effect. When working with Schulte tables, it is important to understand that you are training your visual skills. Therefore, the main thing is not the desire to complete each table as soon as possible, but the correct execution of the exercise, that is, adherence to the methodology described above. At first, you may have some difficulties doing the exercise, but with each subsequent table you will find the numbers faster and faster. Eventually you will realize that you are now finding numbers much sooner than if you were just looking for them with normal eye movements. This is the desired effect of the exercise method with Schulte tables.
Lesson mode. Good peripheral vision, as well as visual search skills, can be achieved not only with the correct execution of number searches, but also with a constant, systematic training program. Therefore, it is important to work with Schulte tables at least 3-4 times a week for 20-30 minutes for 2-3 weeks. If your eyes start to get tired during class, it is better to take a short break or repeat the exercise the next day.
To conduct the study, you will need Gorbov-Schulte tables measuring 49 x 49 cm with numbers from 1 to 25 in black and from 1 to 24 in red (Figure 2), a stopwatch and a pointer. It is imperative to prepare a protocol in advance in order to record in it the time and errors when searching for numbers.
Fig.1.2. Black-red table Gorbov - Schulte
to study attention switching.
Note. The highlighted numbers are black.
Operating procedure. The lesson is conducted individually with each subject. A black and red table is placed vertically on the table in front of him, a pointer is given and instructions are given: “On the table there are 25 black numbers from 1 to 25 and 24 red numbers from 1 to 24. You need to show and name the black numbers in ascending order from 1 to 25, and the red ones - in descending order from 24 to 1. It is necessary to count alternately: first call the black number, then the red one, then the black one again, and then the red one until the counting is completed. The task must be completed quickly and without errors.” In the protocol, the experimenter records the time separately for each of the five stages (ten digits for each stage) and the subject’s errors of the following types: order replacement - an error in which the subject begins to name the numbers he named in ascending order in descending order, and vice versa ; replacing a digit means changing its serial number: instead of 23, it says 21; color replacement - instead of black, names and shows a red number.
The task completion time is approximately 90 seconds.
Protocol for the Study of Attention Shifting Assessment
|
Time registration in stages, with |
Black numbers |
Error Logging |
Red numbers |
Error Logging |
|
t 1 | ||||
|
t 2 | ||||
|
t 3 | ||||
|
t 4 | ||||
|
t 5 | ||||
Processing the results: An increase in time and number of errors from interval 1 to 5 indicates the exhaustion of nervous processes and a slowdown in their mobility towards the end of the task.
When processing the results, the overall indicator of attention switching is calculated, equal to the sum of indicators for five stages. To calculate it, it is necessary to determine the success of the “search for numbers with switching” task for each stage separately. A single evaluation criterion, reflecting the indicator of switching attention, is equal to the time of searching for numbers, taking into account the mistakes made. It is calculated by the formula:
A = T - C, where
A - indicator of attention switching,
T and C are time and error scores, respectively.
Scores for time and errors in switching attention are given in Table. 3.4.
To compare intermodal attentional characteristics, it is necessary to translate the individual indicator of attention switching into scale ratings (Table 1.3).
