Create, copy and move files and directories. Moving and copying folders and files Moving part of the text
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Copy, move, paste, delete, clear
Copy and move
When you copy the contents of cells, the text and numbers in that cell are moved to another. Included in the formulas relative cell addresses are modified - the coordinates change by as many cells as the cell with the formula has moved (for example, when copying a cell with the formula “=B2+C3” to a cell located 3 rows below and 2 columns to the right, the formula takes the form “=D5 +E6"). Absolute addresses (the $ symbol before the coordinate, for example "=N$1+$G$3") are not changed when the formula is propagated.Copying the contents of a block of cells to another block via a buffer:
- Selecting a block of cells from which information is copied (see “Selecting blocks”)
- Copying the selected block to the clipboard (a flickering dotted line appears around the selected block):
- Ctrl + Ins;
- Ctrl + C;
- menu “Edit” “Copy”;
- right-click on the cell to be copied “Copy”;
- Selecting a block of cells where information is copied (see “Selecting blocks”).
- Inserting from the buffer into this block:
- Shift + Ins;
- Ctrl+V;
- menu “Edit” “Paste”;
- Right-click “Paste”.
Copy and move a selected block (one time):
- Place the CM on the border of the block (takes the form of a thick white arrow);
- drag to the desired location (depending on the keys pressed, the result is different):
- no key is pressed - the block is moved, the contents of the cells are replaced by a new block;
- a key is pressed – the block is copied, the contents of the cells are replaced by a new block;
- a key is pressed - the block moves, “spreads apart” the cells and is inserted between them;
- pressed – the block is copied, “spreads” the cells and inserted between them.
Insert
Inserting blank columns or lines in place of the selected columns or rows.- menu “Insert” “Column” or “Row”;
- column or row menu “Insert”.
- menu “Edit” “Insert” “Cells”;
- Cell menu “Insert”.
Removal
Deleting selected lines or columns:- menu “Edit” “Delete”;
- column or row menu “Delete”.
- menu “Edit” “Delete”;
- cell menu “Delete”.
Cleaning
Cleaning only content selected block (format preserved):- Delete>;
- cell menu “Clear”;
- menu "Edit" "Clear" "Contents".
- menu "Edit" "Clear" "Formats".
- menu “Edit” “Clear” “All”.
Undoing and restoring the last action (Undo)
- menu “Edit” “Undo”.
Formatting
Exercise width columns and heights lines:
- Place the mouse cursor (CM) on the right border of the column (in the top line with column designations) or on the bottom border of the row (in the left column with line designations) - the cursor takes the form of horizontal (or vertical) lines with arrows;
- drag the CM by pressing the left key until the desired size of the column or row is reached.
- Double-click on the right border of the column.
- place the mouse cursor on the column header; then choose one of the methods:
- menu “Format”“Column”“Hide”/“Show”
- column context menu (called by right-clicking the mouse) “Hide”/“Show”
Automatic formatting(according to available samples):
- menu “Format”“Autoformat”, select from the list of samples.
- Ctrl+1;
- Menu “Format” “Cell Format” Bookmarks: “Number / Alignment / Font / Frame / View”;
- Cell context menu “Format Cells” “Number / Alignment / Font / Frame / Appearance”;
Scale, windows, freezing table areas
- Menu “View” “Scale”.
- place the mouse cursor on the screen split area above the top right arrow of the scroll bar – the cursor takes the form of horizontal lines with arrows;
- drag the screen dividing line to the desired position.
Unsplit window:
- double-click on the separation bar.
Freeze table rows above the active cell and columns to the left of the active cell (they will not move when the active cell is moved):
- “Window” menu “Freeze areas.”/“Unfreeze areas.”
Protection
Protection the entire table.
Partial protection:- select a block of unprotected cells,
- choose one of the options:
- Ctrl+1 “Protection”;
- menu: “Format” “Cell Format” “Protection”;
- “Cells” menu “Cell Format” “Protection”
- remove the marker from the “Protected cell” checkbox
- menu: “Tools” “Protection” “Protect sheet”.
Cancel protection:.
- menu: “Service” “Protection” “Unprotect”.
Working with Multiple Tables
Transition from sheet to sheet.
- With
.
use the buttons to the left of the horizontal scroll bar to move through the list of sheets
Activation sheet,
- Single-click on the sheet pointer.
- single click on the first sheet pointer,
- Shift + single click on the last marked sheet.
- single click on the first sheet index;
- Ctrl + single click on the last one.
- activate another sheet.
- single click on the pointer before which a new one should be inserted
- choose one of the methods:
- Sheet menu: “Insert”,
- menu: “Edit” “Insert” “Sheet”.
- menu: “Edit” “Delete sheet”.
- Sheet menu; “Delete”.
- double click on the pointer;
- Sheet menu “Rename”
- Changing the order of sheets: drag the sheet pointer to the desired location.
Working with databases
Excel has tools that allow you to carry out operations inherent in working with databases: maintaining a database (entering, correcting and deleting records); filtering (selecting) records by specified search criteria, sorting records by one or several fields; getting totals for a group of records and the entire database
· A database in Microsoft Excel is a list of related data in which the data rows are records and the columns are fields. The top line of the list contains the names of each of the columns ( Field). The reference can be specified as a range of cells. or as a name corresponding to a list range.
Maintaining a database using “Forms”
You can enter, delete and correct data records using traditional Excel methods (see above). In addition, these operations are carried out as follows:
Transitions from entries to entries.- using the scroll bar;
- Up, Down keys;
- PgDn, PgUp (10 down or up),
- Ctrl + Arrow (to first or last)
- action buttons - “Previous”, “Next”.
- Tab (down) or Shift Tab (up).
- entering characters into the field - the old value disappears.
- click on the field; further corrections.
- Delete.
- Ctrl + " ":
- using the “Create” or “Delete” action buttons.
Sorting entries
Sort by alone field:- make any cell active within the column by which sorting is performed;
- buttons on the standard toolbar “AZ” (ascending) or “ZA” (descending).
Sort by one - three fields:
- make any cell inside the database block active;
- menu: “Data” “Sorting”;
- in the dialog box that appears, select the first, second, third sort fields in ascending or descending order.
Selection of records
Using the “Form” (the transition from record to record occurs only according to those records that satisfy the search criteria):- menu: “Data” “Form” “Criteria” button;
- Enter the values of the search criteria into the fields' windows; you can use a pattern (* and?), signs >, =, (not equal).
Using filtering (only records that satisfy the search criteria are visible in the database):
- make any cell active inside the database block,
- menu “Data” “Filter” “Autofilter” - drop-down arrows appear to the right of the field names.
- Click on the arrow and select the field value to filter:
- (all) - the filter is canceled;
- (setting) - setting complex filters;
- any field value from the list that appears.
- If necessary, repeat step 3) for another field.
Cancel all filters:
- menu: “Data” “Filter” “Auto filter”
Getting results
If the database has numeric fields, then you can get subtotals for a group of records, as well as a grand total:- sort the database by the field by which records for totals are grouped (see paragraph " Sorting entries »);
- menu: “Data” “Results”;
- in the dialog box that appears, set:
- a field in which each time a value changes, a total is summed up (sorting was carried out by this field),
- numeric fields for which the total is summed,
- functions by which the results are calculated;
Database functions. Using criteria to work with database functions
Microsoft Excel has 12 worksheet functions that are used to analyze data from lists or databases. Each of these functions, which for compatibility reasons are collectively called BDFunction, takes three arguments: database, field, and criterion. These three arguments refer to the ranges of cells in the worksheet that are used by this function.Syntax
DBFunction(database,field,criteria)
Database is the range of cells that form a list or database.
In all database functions, when a database references a cell in a PivotTable, calculations are performed only on the data in the PivotTable.
To calculate and add subtotals to the list, use the menu command.
The field specifies the column used by the function. Data fields in the list must contain an identifying name on the first line. The "field" argument can be specified as text with the column name in double quotes, such as "Age" or "Profit" in the database example below, or as the address of the cell containing the field name.
A criterion is a reference to an interval of cells that define the conditions for a function. The function returns data from a list that satisfies the conditions specified by a range of criteria. The criteria range includes a copy of the name of the column being summarized in the list. The criterion reference can be entered as a range of cells, such as A1:E2 in the database example below, or as a range name, such as "Criteria".
· Any interval that contains at least one column name and at least one cell under the condition column name can be used as a criteria argument of the DBFunction.
Although the criteria range can be located anywhere in the table, you should not place it at the bottom of the list. This is because data added to a list using a menu command is inserted from the first line after the list. If this string is not empty, Microsoft Excel will not be able to add data to the list.
The range of criteria must not overlap with the list.
To perform an operation on an entire database column, you must enter a blank cell under the column name in the criterion range.
The following figure is an example of a database for a small orchard. Each entry contains information about one tree. The range A6:E12 is called Database, and the range A1:E4 is called Criteria.
COUNT(A6:E12, "Profit";A3:C4) is equal to 1. This function looks at records for pears that have a height of up to 10 and an age of less than 10 and counts the number of non-empty "Profit" fields in those records.
DMAX(A6:E12; “Profit”;A1:A4) equals 105.00 rubles. - maximum income from apple and pear trees.
DMIN(A6:E12;"Profit";A1:B2) equals 75.00 rubles. - minimum income from apple trees is above 5.
BDSUMM(A6:E12;E6;A1:A2) equals RUB 225.00. - total income from apple trees.
BDSUMM(A6:E12; “Profit”;A1:C2) equals 180.00 rubles. - total income from apple trees with a height of 5 to 10.
DSRVALUE(A6:E12; “YIELD (kg)”;A1:B2) equals 12 - the average yield of apple trees with a height of more than 5.
DAVAL(A6:E12;C6;A6:A11) is equal to 13 - the average age of all trees.
BIRESET(A6:E12;D6;A1:B2) returns the #NUM! error value because more than one record matches the criterion.
BIZVLECH(A6:E12, “YIELD (kg)”,A3:C4) equals 8, returns the value of the field “YIELD (kg)” for pears less than 10 in height and less than 10 in age.
Notes
If none of the records meet the criterion, the function returns the #VALUE! error value.
If more than one record satisfies the criterion, the function returns the #NUM! error value.
When working with monetary units, it should be taken into account that the results obtained must be rounded to the nearest cent (or kopeck).
Right-click on an icon-free work area of the current folder window. In the context menu that opens, select the command New>Folder. Make sure that a folder icon appears within the window that says new folder.
Right click on the icon new folder. In the context menu that opens, select Rename. Give the folder a meaningful name.
Most people copy and move files using a method called drag and drop. First, open the folder that contains the file or folder you want to move. Then open in another window the folder you want to move the file or folder to. Place the windows side by side on your desktop so you can see the contents of both folders.
After that, drag the file or folder from the first folder to the second. That's all.
To copy or move a file, drag it from one window to another
· When using the drag and drop method, you may notice that sometimes the file or folder is copied and sometimes it is moved. When you drag between folders on the same hard drive, items are moved—two copies of the same file or folder are not created in the same location. When you drag an item to a folder in a different location (such as a network folder) or to removable media such as a CD, the item is copied. The easiest way to position two windows on the desktop is to use snapping. When you copy or move a file or folder to the library, it will be saved in Default save library location. Another way to copy or move a file is to drag it from the file list to a folder or library in the Navigation Pane. In this case, there is no need to open two separate windows.
Move and copy using the clipboard.
1. Open the folder window from which the object will be moved or copied.
2. When moving, select the object being moved and move it to the clipboard in one of the following ways:
· right-click on the object icon and execute the Cut command.
· execute the command Edit → Cut.
· Click the cut button on the toolbar.
· press the keyboard key combination Ctrl+X.
3. When copying, select the object to be copied and copy it to the clipboard in one of the following ways:
· right-click on the object icon and execute the Copy command.
· execute the command Edit → Copy.
· Click the copy button on the toolbar.
· press the keyboard key combination Ctrl + C.
4. Open a window for the folder into which the object will be shuffled or copied.
5. Paste an object from the clipboard using one of the following methods:
· right-click in an empty area of the window and execute the Paste command.
· execute the command Edit → Paste.
· Click the Insert button on the toolbar.
· press the keyboard key combination Ctrl + V.
Copying folders from files to a floppy disk.
Right-click on the object icon and execute the command Send → Disk 3.5 (A).
Creating and deleting files
Most often, new files are created using the program. For example, you can create a text document in a word processing program or a movie file in a video editing program.
Some programs create a file when they start. For example, the opening WordPad editor starts with a blank page. It is an empty (and unsaved) file. Start typing, and when you're ready to save your work, click Save. In the dialog box that appears, enter a file name that will help you find it in the future and click Save.
By default, most programs save files in common folders such as My Documents and My Pictures, making them easier to find in the future.
You can delete an unnecessary file from your computer to save space and prevent your computer from becoming full of unnecessary files. To delete a file, open the folder or library that contains it and select the file. Press the DELETE key and then in the dialog box Deleting a file click the button Yes.
The deleted file is temporarily stored in the trash. Think of the Recycle Bin as a security tool that allows you to recover accidentally deleted files and folders. To free up space on your hard drive that is used by unnecessary files, the Recycle Bin needs to be emptied from time to time.
Copying, moving and deleting objects.
The purpose of the lesson : to develop in students the skills and abilities to copy, move, delete, rename files and folders, and create shortcuts.
Tasks:
Educational:- to develop in students the skills and abilities to copy, move, delete, rename files and folders, and create shortcuts.
Developmental: develop cognitive interest, self-control and performance assessment skills.
Educational: contribute to the development of students’ information culture, attentiveness, discipline, and perseverance.
Didactic basics of the lesson :
Teaching methods: explanatory and illustrative.
Lesson type: combined lesson.
Forms of student work: frontal conversation.
Equipment: computers; software: operating system, Explorer; instructions for practical work, posters.
Lesson plan:
Org. moment (1 min.);
Updating knowledge. (2 minutes.);
Explanation of new material (15 min.);
Practical work (17 min.);
Summing up (8 min.);
Homework (2 min.).
During the classes:
- greeting, checking those present;
Reporting the topic of the lesson, its goals and objectives;
Brief activity plan.
Write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook.
Updating knowledge.
In the last lesson we learned what a file, extension, folder is. Now we need to figure out what can be done with these objects.
Teacher's story.
Dialogue: teacher - students.
Explanation of new material
Difference between copy and move operations.
Let's say you have a notebook with your poems. You showed them to your friend, they liked one of the poems and you allowed him or her to copy the poem from your notebook into yours.
Answer: yes.
Answer: yes.
Answer: two.
Are these poems different?
Answer: no.
the poem remained in your notebook and appeared in a friend’s notebook. The poems are no different from each other.
Let's change the situation. Instead of letting you rewrite the poem you liked, you simply tore the piece of paper with it from your notebook and pasted it into your friend’s notebook.
Is your poem still in your notebook?
Answer: no.
Did the poem appear in your friend's notebook?
Answer: yes.
How many identical poems did you get?
Answer: one.
Students should conclude: the poem is missing from our notebook and is present only in a friend’s notebook in a single copy.
The same thing happens when copying and moving files and folders. When copying files and folders, they remain in the old location and their copies with the same names appear in the new one. When moving files and folders, they are “shifted” from one place to another. If you copy a file to the folder in which it is located, you must give it a different name.
Object of perception : scheme.
Simplified scheme for copying objects:
Simplified scheme for moving objects:
Object of perception : teacher's lecture.
What is a "clipboard"
The clipboard is a special area of the computer's RAM in which an object to be copied or moved is placed. It is enough to place an object on the clipboard once and copy objects from it as many times as necessary.
Let's return to the situation with the poem. Let's say that several of your friends liked your poem. Then you copy it onto a piece of paper, and from this piece of paper, in turn, all your friends rewrite the poem. At the same time, you will not have to rewrite from your notebook again. Your friends use the piece of paper as a source of information. So you can imagine this piece of paper as a clipboard.
Object of perception : scheme.
For clarity, students are offered diagrams:
Complete scheme for copying objects:
Complete scheme for moving objects:
Object of perception : teacher's lecture.
What is a "shortcut"?
Shortcut – This is a tool for quick access to files and folders. It is created if the path to a file with a document or program, or a folder that you need often or constantly, is quite long and “manual” navigation through the file system takes a lot of time. The operating system offers you an easier way to quickly find frequently used items - a shortcut. The shortcut icon has an arrow in the lower left corner.
Just click on it and the computer itself will find the program or document you need.
Note down the necessary points in a notebook.
Practical work.
Prepare a report table in your notebook.
Command, action or iconPurpose and result
Clicking on an object with the mouse
Copy button
Cut button
Insert button
Right click
Shift + clicks on objects
Ctrl + clicks on objects
Ctrl+A
Create a Lesson folder on your desktop
Copy all graphic files from the My Documents folder to the Lesson folder.
Create a text file in the My Documents folder.
Move your file to the Lesson folder.
Give your file a different name.
Create a shortcut for your file.
Show the result of your work to the teacher and delete your folder
Instructions.
Selecting a group of files.
A sequential group of files. Click on the icon of the first file of the selected group, press the Shift key and, without releasing it, click on the icon of the last file in the group.
An arbitrary group of files. Click on file icons while holding down the Ctrl key. Clicking on the icon of an already selected file excludes it from the group.
Selects all files in a folder. Open the folder and press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A.
Reset group selection. To cancel a group operation, just click anywhere in the folder window.
Copy a file or folder.
I way.
On the right side of the Explorer window, find the file that needs to be copied.
Click the file icon. Execute the command File Copy or click the Copy button on the Toolbar. You can call the Copy command from the file's context menu.
On the left side of the Explorer window, find the folder where you want to copy the file.
II way.
– 3. See method I.
With your mouse pointer over the file icon, press the left mouse button and press the Ctrl key and drag the file icon onto the folder icon in the left pane of the Explorer window. Please note that the mouse pointer has an additional “+” icon.
Move a file or folder.
I way.
Open an Explorer window.
On the right side of the Explorer window, find the file that needs to be moved.
Click the file icon. Execute the command File Cut or click the Cut button on the Toolbar. You can call the Cut command in the file's context menu.
On the left side of the Explorer window, find the folder where you want to move the file.
Click on the folder where you are copying the file. Execute the command File Paste or click the Paste button on the Toolbar or select the Paste command from the folder context menu.
II way.
– 3. See method I.
With your mouse pointer hovering over the file icon, press the left mouse button and press and drag the file icon onto the folder icon in the left pane of the Explorer window.
Rename a file or folder.
I way.
Find the file (folder) you want to rename in the right pane of the Explorer window.
Call the context menu of the file (folder) you want to rename or execute the File command on the menu bar.
Select Rename.
II way.
Click on the text under the file (folder) icon.
Enter a new file (folder) name.
Press Enter.
Creating shortcuts.
I way.
In the left pane of the Explorer window, find the folder in which you want to create a shortcut and open it by double-clicking the icon. In this case, the contents of this folder will be reflected in the right pane of the window.
Call the context menu by right-clicking on an empty space in the work area of the right panel of Explorer.
The Shortcut Creation Wizard window will open in front of you, in which you can use the Browse button. Click the Next button.
After that, enter the text under the label and click on the Finish button.
II way.
In the left pane of the Explorer window, find the folder in which you want to create a shortcut. Right-click on the icon and select New from the context menu, and then Shortcut.
Once the shortcut is created, drag it using your mouse into the left pane of Explorer onto the icon of the folder in which you want the shortcut to be located.
You can change the label under the icon by clicking on the name of the shortcut, or by selecting the Rename command in the context menu.
Deleting folders and files.
Select the file or group of files to be deleted.
Press the Delete key or call the context menu and select the Delete command. An alternative is to drag the icon of a file or group of files onto the Trash icon.
When asked to confirm deletion, answer “Yes.”
Students do this work independently, receive cards with tasks and instructions for work, and fill out a table in their notebook.
Summing up the lesson
Students evaluate each other's work (tables in notebooks and work on the computer)
The teacher sums up the lesson.
Homework.
Learn the definition of new terms and concepts from the lesson.
They write in diaries.
Methods for manipulating files and directories are generally intuitive when using modern GUI operating systems, but still require some explanation.
The main manipulations with files and directories are:
Creation;
Delete;
Copying;
Move;
Renaming;
Creating shortcuts;
Change the current directory.
The main environment for performing these actions in operating systems with a graphical user interface are:
Desktop;
A program that displays files on a computer (for example, Explorer) (Fig. 6.2).
Rice. 6.2. Explorer program.
To create a new file or directory, you need to go to the desired folder, right-click, select New from the context menu, and then select Folder to create a new directory or one of the available file types to create a file. For example, if you need to create a text file, you should select Text Document.
NOTE.
Selecting this item can also be recommended when creating files of an unknown type or one that is not displayed in this menu. When you create an empty text document, an empty file appears, which can later be filled with any content.
As a result, the icon of the new directory or file will appear in the Explorer program window, after which you can give it any name. When you have finished entering your name, press Enter.
To delete files and directories, modern operating systems use the Recycle Bin deletion system. When deleted, the file is not completely thrown out of the file system, but is transferred to the Recycle Bin, from where it can be restored if desired. Files thrown into the Recycle Bin, which is a special system folder, continue to take up space on the computer’s hard drive.
To delete a file (move it to the Recycle Bin), select it in Explorer and press the Delete key. You can also right-click on it and select the appropriate command from the context menu.
To delete several files at once, you need to select them all. To do this, click on each of them in turn while holding down the Ctrl key. If, while holding down the Ctrl key, you click on an already selected file, it will be excluded from the selection.
If you need to select several sequential files at once, you can first click on the first of them, and then, while holding down the Shift key, on the last one, or vice versa.
ATTENTION!
These methods for selecting a group of files can be used not only to delete, but also to perform other actions, such as copying or moving.
If you are completely sure that the file you are deleting will no longer be needed, then you can delete it immediately, without placing it in the Recycle Bin, by selecting it and pressing Shift+Delete.
It is recommended that an untrained user always delete files to the Recycle Bin. To empty it (which needs to be done from time to time), you need to right-click on its icon on the Desktop and select Empty Trash from the context menu.
There are two ways to copy and move files and directories, and create shortcuts. The first one is using the clipboard. This is done as follows.
Having opened the desired folder, select one or more files and press Ctrl+C (or select Copy from the Edit menu).
Then open the folder where you want to copy the files and press Ctrl+V (or select Paste from the Edit menu) - the files will be copied. If you want to create a shortcut, choose Insert Shortcut from the Edit menu instead.
To move files, select them and press Ctrl+X (or select Cut from the Edit menu). After opening the destination folder and pressing Ctrl+V (or selecting Paste from the Edit menu), the files will be moved.
The second way is to use Drag and drop (Fig. 6.3). In this case, files are dragged with the mouse while the left button is pressed. The following must be kept in mind:
You can drag and drop files either into open folder windows or simply onto the folder or disk icon;
When you drag files or folders to a folder that is located on the same drive as the original one, the files will be moved, and when you drag them to a folder located on a different drive than the original one, they will be copied;
When you drag files with an executable (EXE) extension, shortcuts will be created on them;
If you need to copy files, hold down the Ctrl key when dragging them, and hold the Shift key when moving them;
If you drag files with the right mouse button rather than the left one, when you release it, a context menu will appear in which you can choose what to do with such files: copy them, move them, or create shortcuts.
Rice. 6.3. Drag and drop a file from one folder to another.
To change the current directory, you need to select the desired directory from the folder tree on the left side of the Explorer program and click on it. The contents of the selected folder will be displayed on the right side of the window. You can also enter the path to the desired folder in the address bar at the top of the window, similar to entering website addresses.
To rename files, right-click on the desired file and select Rename from the context menu. You can also select the desired file by clicking on it and pressing the F2 key.
To delete an object:
· select an object with the button Selecting objects on the drawing panel;
· press the key DEL or button Cut(in this case, the object is temporarily placed on the clipboard and can be pasted again).
Copy or move an object a short distance:
· Perform one of the following actions:
To move a selected object, drag it to the desired location;
To copy a selected object, hold down the CTRL.
Note:
You can hold down the right mouse button while dragging the selected object. After releasing the button, a context menu will appear on the screen containing commands for moving and copying.
Copy or move an object over a long distance or into another document:
· select the object to be moved or copied;
· do one of the following to place the object or a copy of it on the clipboard:
To move an object, click the button Cut
To copy an object, click the button Copy on the standard toolbar;
· if the object should be copied to another document, go to the desired document;
· indicate where the object should be inserted;
· press the button Insert on the standard toolbar.
Document Preview
Before you print a document, you need to see how it will look on paper. To do this you need to do the following:
· open the document;
· to see what each page of the document will look like printed, click the button Preview on the standard toolbar or menu File run the command Preview;
· a panel will appear on the screen:
Figure 7.4 - Toolbar Preview
· in the drop-down list, select the desired scale %;
· to view one or more pages, use the buttons One page or Several pages ;
· Scroll through the document using the scroll bar. To exit preview mode, click Close.
Printing a document
To print the entire document from start to finish, click the button Seal on the toolbar. The printer is selected by default.
In order to print part of a document :
· on the menu File select team Seal, a dialog box will open (Figure 7.5);
· in field Pages indicate which pages of the document you want to print (for example, 3-6);
· specify the number of copies and click on the button OK.
Note:
if several printers are connected, it is necessary from the list Printer name: select the printer type.
Figure 7.5 - Dialog box Seal
Work order
1. Open the file created in Lab 6 and call Formula editor.
2. Type several formulas as directed by the teacher.
3. Make changes to the formulas as directed by the teacher.
4. As instructed by the teacher, type the text containing superscripts and subscripts. If there are no such icons on the formatting panel, then install them yourself.
5. Draw a diagram of the electrical network as directed by the teacher.
6. Group the drawing.
7. Ungroup the drawing.
8. Add another transformer to the circuit.
9. Remove one line from the diagram.
10. Insert inscriptions into the drawing as directed by the teacher.
11. Group the drawing.
12. Add a title to the diagram as an object WordArt.
13. View the document using the command Preview.
14. If possible, print the document.
1. Purpose of the work.
7.4 Security questions
1. How to use Formula editor?
2. How to install an icon Formula editor, if it is not on the panel?
3. How to type superscripts and subscripts?
4. How to change the text of an object WordArt?
5. How to create a copy of a drawn object?
6. How to create an inscription on a drawing?
7. How and why commands are used Borders and Shading?
8. How to group and ungroup objects?
9. How can I display 2 pages each when viewing a document before printing?
10. How to print the entire document?
11. How to print 2 copies of a document?
12. How to print a document from the third page to the end?
13. How do I print the fifth and sixth pages of a document?
14. How do I print pages five through eight of a document?
15. How to choose a printer?
LABORATORY WORK No. 8
general information about excel spreadsheets. excel menu
Goal of the work: learning menus and basic principles of working with spreadsheets EXCEL.
Theoretical information
General provisions
EXCEL is a Microsoft Office software product designed for entering, processing and storing data in the form of tables, performing calculations on this data, creating graphs and diagrams.
EXCEL window structure
After loading, a window appears on the screen containing an empty table ready to be filled in (Figure 8.1.), divided into cells. The columns in it are designated by the letters A, B, C...IW, the rows - by numbers 1, 2, 3...
The address of the current cell is formed from the column name and row number, for example, A1 or K6, and is shown on the left on the formula bar (5 in Figure 8.1).
The table is a worksheet. Several worksheets make up a workbook. For a newly opened workbook that has never been written to disk, the default name is set Book 1, which is in the title bar (1 in Figure 8.1). Each newly opened workbook contains 3 worksheets by default. At the bottom of the screen it is indicated: Sheet1, Sheet2... This table volume is sufficient to enter a large amount of data.
Only part of the worksheet is visible on the screen. You can view the sheet completely using the scroll bars (12 in Figure 8.1.). Using the mouse, you can switch from Sheet 1 to Sheet 2 and others.
As in all Windows programs, the EXCEL window has control buttons (7 in Figure 8.1): ( Collapse window, Restore window, Close window).
The same buttons are available on the work line Book 1.
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Figure 8.1 -Window structure EXCEL:
1 - title line; 2 - menu bar; 3 - standard toolbar;
4 - formatting toolbar; 5 - cell address field;
6 - line header; 7 - window control buttons; 8 - status bar;
9 - formula bar; 10 - sheet labels; 11 - column heading; 12 - scroll bars.
The default toolbar (3) contains buttons for the most frequently used commands. The user can change the set of buttons at his own discretion.
These buttons are for file operations. The first is for creating a new workbook, the second is for opening an existing workbook, the third is for saving changes, the fourth is for sending an email message with the contents of the current sheet as the main text.
The buttons of this group are intended: the first is for printing, the second is for previewing the file before printing, the third is for checking spelling.
These buttons are intended: the first - for cutting, the second - for copying, the third - for pasting the contents of cells via the clipboard, the fourth - for copying the cell format.
The first button is intended to cancel the result of the last executed command, the second is to repeat the executed command after it was canceled by mistake.
These buttons are designed to insert hyperlinks, automatically sum selected cells, and call Function Wizards.
These buttons set the sort order of the lists in ascending and descending order.
Using the first button you can start Chart Wizard, using the second - display or remove the panel Drawing.
This is the zoom field. With its help, you can reduce or enlarge the image of the worksheet on the screen.
Using this button you can start Hint Master and get contextual help.
The formatting toolbar (4 in Figure 8.1) contains buttons that help in designing worksheets.
This field selects the font type for text in cells.
Font size.
The buttons in this group are used to assign a text style: AND– bold, TO - italics, H - underscore.
Using these buttons, you can align text in cells: to the left border of the cell, to the center and to the right border of the cell. The last button is designed to align text to the center of a selected area of several cells (i.e., the selected cells are combined, but only the information contained in the upper left cell is saved, which is also centered).
Using the buttons of this group, you can set the format of numbers in table cells:
the first button is money style,
the second is percentage style,
third - setting decimal places,
fourth and fifth - increasing and decreasing the number of decimal places by one.
These buttons are used to select the cell border style (border), background color, and font color in cells.
Some of the buttons Standard panel And Formatting panel have a drop-down list (for example: font, font size, etc.), which is controlled by the mouse and provides the user with a wide range of options.
In the formula bar (9 in Figure 8.1) is displayed or adjusted
information entered into the work cell, and special buttons appear:
Delete;
- highlight.
At the very bottom of the screen there is a status bar (8 in Figure 8.1) reflecting the operations being performed ( Done, Copy etc.).
Worksheet Menu Commands
The Excel menu organization is similar to the Windows menu organization. If there are ellipses in menu commands ... , then a dialog box follows; if the command contains the icon), then submenu commands follow.
Group File contains commands for working with the book.
Create…- creates a new file, i.e. new workbook.
Open...- opens an existing workbook (Excel files have the extension . xls).
Close- closing the current file without exiting EXCEL. If there are unsaved changes to the file, you will be prompted to save the changes before closing the file. To close all files, hold down the key SHIFT, select team Close all on the menu File.
Web Page Preview - Preview the current file saved as a Web page.
Page Options... - Set margins, paper source, sheet size and orientation, and other text placement options.
Preview - preview the file before printing.
Seal…- Print the current file or selected items. Printing options are set using the command Seal menu File.
Properties-display properties of the active file.
Exit- closes EXCEL.
Below is a list of workbooks created and stored in EXCEL.
Group Edit contains file editing commands.
Cut- deleting the selected fragment from the current document and placing it on the clipboard.
Cancel- canceling the last executed command or deleting the last entered fragment. To undo multiple commands at once, click the arrow next to the button and select the actions you want to undo.
Copy- copying the selected fragment to the clipboard.
Special insert...- insert, create a link or embed the contents of the clipboard into the current document in the selected format.
Fill) - contains commands for a quick way to copy or fill a table.
Clear } - contains commands for deleting table contents.
Delete…- deleting the selected object.
Delete sheet- deleting the selected sheet from the workbook.
Move / copy sheet... - moves or copies the selected sheet to another location in the workbook or to another workbook.
Find... - searches for a specified set of characters in selected cells or tables and selects the first cell containing these characters.
Replace…- search and replace specified text and formatting.
Go…- moving around the sheet and selecting ranges and cells with specified characteristics.
Connections...- establishes and changes connections of the selected object.
An object-allows you to make changes to an object embedded in EXCEL (for example, WORD text or a picture).
Team group View determines the screen appearance.
The mouse icon indicates that the command is in effect.
Normal mode- switching to normal viewing mode, which is used by default to solve most Microsoft EXCEL tasks, such as entering, selecting and formatting data, and creating charts.
Page layout- switches the active worksheet to page mode, which allows you to change data and still see it as it will be printed. To change the pagination of a worksheet, drag the corresponding page border left, right, up, or down. Scaling pages to ensure proper placement of rows and columns is done automatically in this mode.
Formula bar- displays or cancels the formula bar.
Status bar- display or hide the status bar.
Toolbars) - displays or hides toolbars.
Headers and footers- enter and change text located at the top and bottom of each page.
Notes- enable or disable the mode for displaying notes on the sheet.
New performance- creating different sheet views. Views allow you to view data in different modes.
Full screen- removal of most control elements from the screen, which increases the visible part of the document. To return to the original mode, press the key ESC.
Scale- selecting the scale of the document image on the screen.
Group Insert contains commands for inserting various elements into a file.
Cells-adding cells starting from the cursor position. In this case, the remaining cells of the table can be moved to the right or down. It is also possible to add an entire row or column.
Strings- insertion of lines.
Columns- inserting columns.
Sheet- adding a new sheet to the workbook to the left of the current one.
Diagram- launch Chart Wizards, which allows you to create a new diagram on a sheet or change an existing diagram step by step.
Page break- insert a page break before the selected cell.
Function- conclusion Function Wizards to perform calculations.
Name) - allows you to name cells, for example, instead of A1, assign the name Alfa.
Note- adds a note to the active cell.
Drawing) - inserts a picture into the active worksheet. Expands the submenu:
Pictures... From file... Autoshapes Organizational
diagram WordArt object... From a scanner or camera.
An object- insertion of objects created by other programs.
Team group Format serves to change the size of cells, columns, rows, sheets, set the style (cash, percentage), etc.
Team group Service used to check spelling, configure panels, install and remove protection, etc.
Team group Data serves for sorting, summing up columns, creating water tables, etc.
Team group Window used for working with windows.
Reference contains reference information about EXCEL.
Work order
1. Download EXCEL and familiarize yourself with the theoretical information.
2. Find the numbers of the workbook, sheets, rows, columns on the screen.
3. In cell A1 enter the name of the current month, in cell A2 enter the date, in cell A3 - the current time and observe how the information is displayed in the window with the address of the working cell.
4. Starting in cell B1, enter information into the tables.
Note: in Russified EXCEL the default decimal separator is comma.
| Product cost | 1384.55 RUR | RUR 394.4 |
| In percentages | 19, 2 % | 8, 75 % |
5. Learn and try out the basic functions of the worksheet menu.
1. Purpose of the work.
2. Brief description of the progress of laboratory work.
3. Written answers to test questions as directed by the teacher.
8.4 Security questions
1. How do I switch from one worksheet to another?
2. What is the purpose of the buttons located on the standard toolbar?
3. What is the purpose of the buttons located on the formatting bar?
4. What are the functions of the main worksheet menu commands?
5. What is the purpose of the workbook control buttons and functions of the Book 1 system menu?
LABORATORY WORK No. 9
